Cognitive
Thinking quality, reasoning, metacognition and how cognitive skills are measured and developed.
What Is Critical Thinking, How It Is Measured and What AI Does to It
What is critical thinking: careful judgment about what to believe or do. It can be taught, with an average effect of 0.30 across 341 effect sizes.
Systems Thinking: Stocks, Flows, Feedback and Delays, and Why We Misjudge Them
Systems thinking is reasoning about stocks, flows, feedback and delays. In an MIT study, students averaged just 48% on a simple bathtub task.
Cognitive Load: What It Is, How It Is Measured and What It Means for Work
Cognitive load is the demand a task puts on working memory, which holds only about four chunks at once. What the theory says and how to cut load.
Cognitive Biases at Work: What Replicated and What Reduces Them
Cognitive biases are predictable errors in judgment. In a 2015 study, one training game cut each targeted bias by at least 31.94% right after play.
Analytical Thinking: What It Is, How It Differs From Critical Thinking, and How to Train It
Analytical thinking is breaking a problem into parts and testing how they connect. 69% of employers call it a core skill in the WEF's 2025 survey.
What Is Metacognition, and Why It Decides How Well You Learn and Think
Metacognition is knowing and steering your own thinking. Taught well, it adds about 7 months of progress in a school year, per the EEF.